A Comprehensive Review of Ferromagnetic Liquid Dynamics and Nonlinear Thermal Buoyancy Effects

Abstract

Ferromagnetic liquid is a unique class of fluids that exhibits strong magnetic properties when subjected to a magnetic field. This liquid has been extensively studied in various industrial and scientific applications due to its unique properties such as high thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and electrical conductivity. One of the key phenomena associated with this type of liquid is its nonlinear thermal buoyancy effect, which refers to the motion of the liquid due to variation in temperature caused by a non-uniform magnetic field. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying the nonlinear thermal buoyancy effect in ferromagnetic liquids, specifically in the context of heat transport processes.
 Non-Fourier heat flux is another crucial aspect of ferromagnetic liquids that has gained considerable attention among researchers. Non-Fourier heat flux is characterized by the deviation from the linear Fourier's law of heat conduction, where the rate of heat transfer is not proportional to the temperature gradient. In ferromagnetic liquids, this phenomenon is mainly attributed to the presence of magnetic fields, which influence the heat transfer processes within the liquid. This nonlinear heat flux behavior has significant implications in a wide range of applications, including heat dissipation, cooling, and thermal insulation.
 Radiated elastic surfaces are another key feature of ferromagnetic liquids that has recently emerged as a promising area of research. These surfaces are formed when a magnetic field is applied to a ferromagnetic liquid, resulting in the formation of elastic waves on the surface. These waves are created due to the interaction between the magnetic field and the elastic properties of the liquid. The formation of these surfaces has been observed to have a considerable impact on the heat transfer behavior of the liquid, where they act as efficient heat dissipators and significantly enhance the rate of heat exchange between the liquid and its surroundings.
 In summary, the interplay of nonlinear thermal buoyancy, non-Fourier heat flux, and radiated elastic surfaces in ferromagnetic liquids has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its potential for a wide range of practical applications. The understanding of these phenomena has the potential to significantly improve the design and efficiency of various heat transfer processes, making ferromagnetic liquids an important area of study in materials science and engineering. Future research in this field is expected to focus on developing more comprehensive models and experimental techniques to further explore the complex thermal and magnetic interactions in ferromagnetic liquids.