Abstract
The extraction process using an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) has attracted considerable interest because it is a promising and effective method for removing toxic pollutants, organic and inorganic acids, and industrial pollutants with low concentrations. This treatment method removes contaminants efficiently as the extraction and stripping processes take place in one operation, in addition to being an adequate and economical alternative to other traditional extraction methods. A comprehensive review of ELM in terms of its characteristics, components, stability, and extraction efficiency was conducted. Different effects on membrane stability have been extensively studied. In addition, the fundamentals of instability, such as swelling, breakage, and coalescence, have been carefully studied. This paper presents a new membrane composition (green membrane) by choosing environmentally friendly diluents and surfactants and demonstrating the feasibility of using these materials to make the standing ELM-based separation processes more economic and environmentally pollution-free. The most important nanomaterials that have been used as surfactants and that play a significant role in the enhancement of emulsion stability are also discussed.
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