A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Transmission and Vaccine Development: Past, Present, and Future Prospects

Abstract

Corona virusis a large group of viruses that cause respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. Originating in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the 2019-novel Corona virus pandemic has spread around the globe and raised concerns. Due to the large number of individuals affected worldwide, the illness has rendered isolated areas uninhabitable, forcing residents to stay inside their homes in an effort to contain its spread. The 2019 corona virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus, and the first human pandemic of the twenty-first century have identical human cellular receptors. Nevertheless, compared to the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus, the 2019-novel corona virus is more powerful, highly infectious, and changeable. The spike glycoprotein is the best place to create a 2019 corona virus vaccine. Where would be best to develop a vaccine against the 2019 novel Numerous mechanisms, including receptor binding, membrane fusion via conformational changes, viral internalization, host tissue tropism, and spike deactivation due to antibody-induced instability, depend on the spike glycoprotein known as corona virus. After the first breakout in December 2019, everyone in the world felt momentarily comforted when the death ratio began to decline around the end of 2020. People believed that the summer was one of the best seasons to combat illness and prevent its spread. However, in recent months, a global outcry over new 2019 Corona virus infection variations has garnered attention, putting people's lives, regardless of age or community, at risk. Scholars must concentrate on the findings and advancements. In addition, we have worked to increase awareness of the need for the creation of an international virtual community in order to enable smooth communication across all parts of the world and support mankind in the case of a category 5 coronavirus outbreak.