Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple immune cells. Due to its complex pathogenesis, the effectiveness of traditional treatment methods is limited. Many patients have developed resistance to conventional treatment or are not sensitive to steroid and immunosuppressant therapy, and so emerging therapeutic antibodies have become an alternative and have been shown to work well in many patients with moderate and severe SLE. This review summarizes the biological agents that are in the preclinical and clinical trial study of SLE. In addition to the various monoclonal antibodies that have been studied for a long time, such as belimumab and rituximab, we focused on another treatment for SLE, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) such as tibulizumab, which simultaneously targets multiple pathogenic cytokines or pathways. Although the application of BsAbs in cancer has been intensively studied, their application in autoimmune diseases is still in the infant stage. This unique combined mechanism of action may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for SLE.
Highlights
A Comprehensive Review of Biological Agents for LupusSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple immune cells
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, and the pathogenesis involves genetic factors, epigenetics, environmental factors, which resulting in immune abnormalities
The main immunological manifestations are the abnormal activation of T cells and B cells with abundant autoantibodies that form antigen-antibody complexes in tissues and organs, which results in damage and inflammation [2]
Summary
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple immune cells. This review summarizes the biological agents that are in the preclinical and clinical trial study of SLE. In addition to the various monoclonal antibodies that have been studied for a long time, such as belimumab and rituximab, we focused on another treatment for SLE, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) such as tibulizumab, which simultaneously targets multiple pathogenic cytokines or pathways. The application of BsAbs in cancer has been intensively studied, their application in autoimmune diseases is still in the infant stage. This unique combined mechanism of action may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for SLE
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