Abstract
Bioactive glass (BG) and glass-ceramics (GC) have been employed for bone treatment tissue engineering applications. Bioactive glasses/bioglasses can be considered promising materials for bone-regenerative scaffolds fabrication, owing to the adaptable properties that make them appropriately be designed regarding their composition. The essential properties of bioactive glasses, enabling them to be applied in the engineering of bone tissue, can be explained as their potential to augment differentiation osteoprogenitor and cells of mesenchymal stem cells, enzyme activity, osteoblast adhesion, and revascularization. Much research is conducted for the development of phosphate glasses, borate/borosilicate BGs, and silicate. Accordingly, some metal-based glasses have also been surveyed for tissue engineering uses, technologically and biomedically. Many rare elements can also be incorporated in the network of the glass to achieve promising properties, possessing a positive influence on the associated angiogenesis and/or remodeling of bone. This review motivates for providing an overview toward bioactive glasses’ general requirements, composition, production, and impact of ion substitution on bioactive glass. Attention has also been given to developments of bioactive glass applications in bone grafting, bone regeneration, drug delivery, dental implant coatings, antibacterial agents, and soft tissue engineering as well as challenges and future perspectives.
Highlights
Glass has been used for centuries by humans, for many applications like the natural glass in arrowheads and tools, and the early human-made drinking vessels and glass beads in Egypt and Mesopotamia
Bioactive glass has been used for tissue engineering applications of bone healing
Many trace elements can be incorporated into the glass mesh to achieve promising properties that have a positive effect on associated angiogenesis and /or bone regeneration
Summary
Glass has been used for centuries by humans, for many applications like the natural glass in arrowheads and tools, and the early human-made drinking vessels and glass beads in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Pre-Proof bioactive glasses due to their osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity Their reactive surfaces lead to biological activity induction and strong bond formation with living tissue like bone [2]. The first synthesis of BG was discovered by Larry Hench that was related to the bone that attaches with bone but releases dissolution ions (including calcium ions and soluble silica) which stimulate cells of genetic level, developing bone enhancement (osteogenesis) [28, 29]. They can be the desired candidate for coatings/filter materials applied in polymer frameworks.
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