Abstract
Concurrent production of electrical and thermal energy from a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) device is an attractive tool to address the growing energy needs of the planet. Micro CHP (µCHP) systems can reduce a building’s primary energy consumption, reduce carbon footprint, and enhance resiliency. Modeling of the µCHP helps understand the system from multiple perspectives and helps discover errors earlier, improves impact analysis and simulation of system solutions for ease of integration with the building. Consequently, there is a need for analysis of the impact of µCHP modeling approach on its reliability and flexibility. The primary objective of this paper is to review the state-of-the art models in the µCHP space with a focus towards internal combustion engine as the primary mover (PM) and limit the study to system modeling, calibration, and validation methodologies. Based on the analysis, recommendations for further model considerations and refinements are presented.
Highlights
The technical potential energy savings of distributed generation (DG) in the US is significant.This potential, remains mostly untapped in building applications
Given the significant potential of μCHP in buildings, we present in this paper a review of prior work in modeling μCHPs that use internal combustion engine (ICE) as the primary mover
Several researchers investigated the dynamics of multiple cogeneration/μCHP systems powered by different fuels and power sources via modeling approaches developed independently as well as Annex
Summary
The technical potential energy savings of distributed generation (DG) in the US is significant. Evolution of the ICEs in improving the electrical energy efficiency and its potential for low cost manufacturing are some of the key elements which make it an attractive option for large scale application in a DG architecture Integration of these μCHP units as primary building energy resources requires good understanding of their performance in meeting the dynamic energy needs (thermal and electric loads) of the building influenced by users, seasons, climate, and the overall interaction with the grid. Thermal simulation of the μCHP can be studied as a steady-state system the practical application of such systems is highly dynamic in nature and transient processes involved in the global operations of each major subcomponent must be thoroughly considered In this framework, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of various modeling approaches adopted by international researchers. Excluded from this study are the economic modeling aspects, interactions between these distributed generation sources and the grid network as well as the building types, envelope related factors, and climate zones
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