Abstract

Although ray tracing based propagation prediction models are popular for indoor radio wave propagation characterization, most of them do not provide an integrated approach for achieving the goal of optimum coverage, which is a key part in designing wireless network. In this paper, an accelerated technique of three-dimensional ray tracing is presented, where rough surface scattering is included for making a more accurate ray tracing technique. Here, the rough surface scattering is represented by microfacets, for which it becomes possible to compute the scattering field in all possible directions. New optimization techniques, like dual quadrant skipping (DQS) and closest object finder (COF), are implemented for fast characterization of wireless communications and making the ray tracing technique more efficient. In conjunction with the ray tracing technique, probability based coverage optimization algorithm is accumulated with the ray tracing technique to make a compact solution for indoor propagation prediction. The proposed technique decreases the ray tracing time by omitting the unnecessary objects for ray tracing using the DQS technique and by decreasing the ray-object intersection time using the COF technique. On the other hand, the coverage optimization algorithm is based on probability theory, which finds out the minimum number of transmitters and their corresponding positions in order to achieve optimal indoor wireless coverage. Both of the space and time complexities of the proposed algorithm surpass the existing algorithms. For the verification of the proposed ray tracing technique and coverage algorithm, detailed simulation results for different scattering factors, different antenna types, and different operating frequencies are presented. Furthermore, the proposed technique is verified by the experimental results.

Highlights

  • Nowadays, indoor wireless communication becomes more and more popular in communication field

  • Though there are a number of existing research works based on ray tracing for propagation prediction [1,2,3,4,5,6,7], most of them have not mentioned anything about the coverage

  • A new propagation prediction technique for indoor environment is proposed in this paper where AVL tree is used for data storing and retrieving process, and dual quadrant skipping (DQS) and closest object finder (COF) techniques are used for accelerating the overall ray tracing process

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Summary

Introduction

Indoor wireless communication becomes more and more popular in communication field. Considering all of the drawbacks of the existing techniques, this paper introduces a new method by including the rough surface scattering This proposed ray tracing method is based on Adelson-Velskii and Landis (AVL) tree data structure, dual quadrant skipping (DQS) technique, and closest object finder (COF). The AVL tree has a lower data searching time and it is used for efficiently handling different information relative to the objects and environment Both of the DQS and COF techniques are newly introduced and described here. Along with the ray tracing technique, a new coverage optimization algorithm is introduced here where the probability is used to find out the most suitable Tx to be selected in order to achieve the optimum solution for indoor wireless coverage area. Some analyses and comparisons have been made and the results prove that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than the existing algorithms [19, 20] in terms of space tree generated and the time complexity

Proposed Ray Tracing Technique
Figure 1
Proposed Coverage Algorithm
Figure 9
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
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