A comprehensive investigation on lanthanum ions doped borate-tellurite-germinate glass for radiation shielding and optical application

Abstract

In the present work, a group of four glass samples that have chemical composition of [(35-x) B2O3-20TeO2-10GeO2-35MgO-xLa2O3] were x values varies from 2.5 to 10 all in mol percentage, which fabricated using ordinary melting then quenching technique. Many physical and mechanical have been measured and calculated like: density, packing density, internuclear distance (ri), oxygen packing density (OPD), oxygen molar volume (OMV), dissociation energy (Gt), packing density (Vt), Poisson ratio (σ), fractal bond connectivity (d), elastic modulus. The behavior of the La10 was examined using XRD in the range of 10–80°. The UV–visible spectrum of absorption of the La2.5, La5, La7.5, and La10 glasses were measured. Several optical parameters have been calculated and extracted including the cutoff wavelength, Urbach's energy (EU), dielectric constant (ε), refractive index (n), molar refraction (RM), reflection loss (RL), molar electron polarizability (αM), Optical transmission (T), Optical basicity (Λ), and Metallization criteria (M). Various noticeable bands vibration of boron units structural besides the modes of vibration of that effected by adding metal cations were studied using FTIR to analyze different structure groups like: BO3 triangles, BO4 pyramids, tetragonal TeO4 pyramids, and trigonal TeO3 pyramids. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the MAC of glass materials was evaluated in the current work. Various radiation shielding parameters were investigated at low and high energies.