Abstract
This paper proposes the design of a comprehensive inverter-BESS primary control capable of providing satisfactory performances both in grid-connected and islanded configurations as required by international standards and grid codes, such as IEEE Std. 1547. Such control guarantees smooth and fast dynamic behavior of the converter in islanded configuration as well as fast power control and voltage-frequency support in grid-connected mode. The performances of the proposed primary control are assessed by means of EMT (ElectroMagnetic Transients) simulations in the dedicated software DIgSILENT PowerFactory® (Germany, Gomaringen) . The simulation results show that the proposed BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) primary control is able to regulate frequency and voltage in Grid-Forming mode independently of the number of paralleled generators. This is achieved adopting a virtual generator technique which presents several advantages compared to the conventional one. Moreover, the proposed control can be switched to Grid-Support mode in order to provide fast control actions to allow frequency and voltage support as well as power control following the reference signals from the secondary level.
Highlights
The need of pollutant and greenhouse gasses emission reduction and the promising increase of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have made Microgrids (MG) one of the most interesting and challenging structure for industrial and academic researchers [1]
As one can see after the load disconnection, MG frequency f PCC and voltage V PCC start to increase: if the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is connected in Grid Support Mode (GSM) mode, when voltage and frequency exceed the threshold values ∆f1 and ∆V1, respectively, the BESS converter starts to absorb active and reactive power according the implemented envelope curves
This paper proposed a comprehensive primary control for BESS converter in order to provide all the regulations required by IEEE Std. 1547 both in grid-connected and islanded configurations
Summary
The need of pollutant and greenhouse gasses emission reduction and the promising increase of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have made Microgrids (MG) one of the most interesting and challenging structure for industrial and academic researchers [1]. In [25], a VGM control technique is proposed showing how it can theoretically provide all the required functionalities of Grid-Forming inverters (according to IEEE Std. 1547) and presenting some practical applications of VGM control technique for Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) around the world Considering all these aspects, the aim of this paper is to present a new primary control for BESS able to guarantee good performances in grid-connected and islanded configurations providing:.
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