Abstract
Members of genus Trichoderma are known worldwide for mycoparasitism. To gain a better insight into the organization and evolution of their genomes, we used an in silico approach to compare the occurrence, relative abundance and density of SSRs in Trichoderma atroviride, T. harzianum, T. reesei, and T. virens. Our analysis revealed that in all the four genome sequences studied, the occurrence, relative abundance, and density of microsatellites varied and was not influenced by genome sizes. The relative abundance and density of SSRs positively correlated with the G + C content of their genomes. The maximum frequency of SSRs was observed in the smallest genome of T. reesei whereas it was least in second smallest genome of T. atroviride. Among different classes of repeats, the tri-nucleotide repeats were abundant in all the genomes and accounts for ∼38%, whereas hexa-nuceotide repeats were the least (∼10.2%). Further evaluation of the conservation of motifs in the transcript sequences shows a 49.5% conservation among all the motifs. In order to study polymorphism in Trichoderma isolates, 12 polymorphic SSR markers were developed. Of the 12 markers, 6 markers are from T. atroviride and remaining 6 belong to T. harzianum. SSR markers were found to be more polymorphic from T. atroviride with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.745 in comparison with T. harzianum (0.615). Twelve polymorphic markers obtained in this study clearly demonstrate the utility of newly developed SSR markers in establishing genetic relationships among different isolates of Trichoderma.
Highlights
The genus Trichoderma comprises a wide range of species, used as mycoparasitic biocontrol for various agriculturally important crops, including cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits etc. and the most important species include Trichoderma atroviride (Ta), T. harzianum (Th), T. reesei (Tr), and T. virens (Tv)
A total 20 genic-simple sequence repeats (SSRs) primers representing 10 each from Ta and Th were randomly selected and used for PCR amplification to study their utility in genetic diversity analysis of Trichoderma isolates obtained from different geographical locations in India
Maximum polymorphism information content (PIC) value was obtained with primer Ta1394 (0.97), whereas minimum PIC value was obtained with primer Th79 (0.15), the average being 0.68
Summary
The genus Trichoderma comprises a wide range of species, used as mycoparasitic biocontrol for various agriculturally important crops, including cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits etc. and the most important species include Trichoderma atroviride (Ta), T. harzianum (Th), T. reesei (Tr), and T. virens (Tv). The genus Trichoderma comprises a wide range of species, used as mycoparasitic biocontrol for various agriculturally important crops, including cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits etc. The most important species include Trichoderma atroviride (Ta), T. harzianum (Th), T. reesei (Tr), and T. virens (Tv). T. atroviride has demonstrated effective biological control activity against postharvest brown rot of stone fruits, Rhizoctonia solani on potato in the field. SSRs in Sequenced Trichoderma Genomes and has provided good protection against Fusarium culmorum when applied to wheat seed (Dodd et al, 2003). It is used in the foliar application, seed and soil treatments for suppression of various diseases (Roberti et al, 2000). It is known to be involved in augmentation of grain amino acids and mineral nutrients by modulating arsenic speciation and accumulation in chickpea (Tripathi et al, 2015)
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