A Comprehensive Assessment of Conventional Petrochemicals and Bio-based Alternatives in Polymer Production

Abstract

This research explores the environmental impact of propylene production, especially conventional polypropylene (PP) which constitutes 16% of the global plastic industry. The production methods, including steam cracking and fluid catalytic cracking, significantly contribute to both greenhouse gas emissions (28%) and fossil resource use (23%). In response, the paper advocates for a transition to bio-polypropylene, foreseeing global market growth from $94.8 million in 2021 to $996.9 million in 2028, with a compound annual growth rate of 39.9%. Bio-polypropylene offers a reduced carbon footprint and better alignment with production sustainability goals. However, the paper also addresses potential challenges in this transition, including impacts on food security and increased water consumption for cultivation of bio-mass. The research recommends strategic policy interventions, such as Pigouvian tax and subsidies, to facilitate a gradual shift, emphasizing the importance of balancing economic feasibility and environmental sustainability.