Abstract
Catalytic performances of Mn2O3 nanoparticles for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation in bisphenol A (BPA) degradation were comprehensively investigated in this study. Experimental results showed that 10 mg/L BPA could be 100% degraded within 20 min with the dosages of 0.2 g/L Mn2O3 and 0.1 mM PMS. Moreover, Mn2O3 showed remarkable activity in activation of PMS and excellent adaptability in various real water matrices, including river water, tap water and secondary effluents. Based on the radical detection and scavenging experiments, it was found that both radical and non-radical oxidation contributed to the degradation of BPA and 1O2 was the dominant species in the degradation compared to •OH, SO4•− and O2•−. A total of 15 transformation products were identified by LC/MS-MS during BPA degradation in the Mn2O3/PMS system, and degradation pathways via three routes are proposed. Compared with lab-made catalysts reported in the literature, the Mn2O3 catalyst demonstrated its superiority in terms of its high TOC removal, low PMS consumption and fast degradation rate for BPA.
Highlights
Bisphenol A (BPA) is classified as one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to its estrogenic effect on human bodies [1]
Saputra et al have studied MnO2 and lab-made MnO, Mn2 O3 and Mn3 O4 as activators for PMS in the degradation of phenol, and the results showed that Mn2 O3 had the highest activity [37]
The transformation products (TPs) were identified by HPLC/MS/MS equipped with an AQC18 HP column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3 μm) using an electro-spray ionization (ESI) source
Summary
Bisphenol A (BPA) is classified as one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to its estrogenic effect on human bodies [1]. The widespread use of BPA has resulted in its ubiquity in the natural environment [2,3] and even in drinking water [4,5]. Previous studies have reported the presence of BPA in human blood, urine and tissues, which might cause thyroid hormone disruption, heart diseases, cardiovascular disease and cancers [6,7]. It is of great significance to develop robust processes to remove BPA from aquatic environments. PMS-based AOPs have been proposed for removal of organic contaminants, especially for the hazardous and refractory compounds (e.g., BPA) [1,11]. As well as sulfate radicals (SO4 − ), which have high redox potential, independence in pH and longer life times than hydroxyl radicals ( OH) [12], singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) has been reported to play an important role in the degradation of organic pollutants [13,14] in PMS-based
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