A Composite Sliding Mode Controller for Wind Power Extraction in Remotely Located Solar PV–Wind Hybrid System

Abstract

Ensuring electrification of remote locations continues to be a major challenge for power engineers. To deal with the effect of intermittent nature of wind, this paper presents the design and implementation of a composite sliding mode controller (CSMC) for a battery energy storage (BES) supported solar photovoltaic (PV)–wind hybrid system in a remote location. This control technique comprises of a soft-switching sliding-mode observer (SS-SMO) and a nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller (NTSMC). The SS-SMO is used to observe the disturbances, whereas the NTSMC is used as a speed controller. The chattering problem caused by the conventional sliding mode controller is alleviated by replacing the conventional signum switching function with the smooth hyperbolic tangent function in disturbance observer loop. The fast and finite time convergence NTSMC based speed controller along with the SS-SMO based disturbance rejection unit, serves the benefits of CSMC. This technique exhibits robustness against model uncertainties and external disturbances. Moreover, the complexity of the system is reduced by replacing the mechanical speed and position sensors with parameter estimation. A double-stage configuration using a dc/dc boost converter is adopted for a PV system. A comparative analysis is presented between the proposed and conventional techniques. A prototype of the hybrid system is developed in the laboratory with permanent magnet synchronous generator. The CSMC-based controller with disturbance rejection ability is implemented to harvest peak wind power. A perturb and observe maximum power point tracking technique is adopted to harvest peak solar power. A voltage control technique is adopted to maintain the voltage at the point of common coupling.