Abstract
Development and verification of real-time algorithms for robotic total stations usually require hard-ware-in-the-loop approaches, which can be complex and time-consuming. Simulator-in-the-loop can be used instead, but the design of a simulation environment and sufficient detailed modeling of the hardware are required. Typically, device specification and calibration data are provided by the device manufacturers and are used by the device drivers. However, geometric models of robotic total stations cannot be used directly with existing ro-botic simulators. Model details are often treated as company secrets, and no source code of device drivers is available to the public. In this paper, we present a complete workflow for automatic geometric model extraction of robotic total stations using the Denavit-Hartenberg convention. We provide a complete set of Denavit-Hartenberg parameters for an exemplary ro-botic total station. These parameters can be used in existing robotic simulators without modifications. Furthermore, we analyze the difference between the extracted geometric model, the calibrated model, which is used by the device drivers, and the standard spherical representation for 3D point measurements of the device.
Highlights
Robotic total stations (RTS) are commonly used for measuring 3D points with high precision and accuracy
The contribution of this work is a detailed description of the forward kinematics model parameter estimation for an (RTS) using the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) convention [8], which can hardly be found in the literature in a closed form
We extended the methods described by Barker [2] and Rajeevlochana et al [28] to extract the relationship between the robot control parameters, one or more cameras and the electronic distance meter (EDM) of an (RTS) automatically
Summary
Robotic total stations (RTS) are commonly used for measuring 3D points with high precision and accuracy. The contribution of this work is a detailed description of the forward kinematics model parameter estimation for an (RTS) using the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) convention [8], which can hardly be found in the literature in a closed form. Based on this description, we provide the estimated (DH) parameters for an exemplary (RTS). We provide the estimated (DH) parameters for an exemplary (RTS) These parameters can be used for custom or existing robotic simulators, such as Roboanalyzer [27], WorkcellSimulator [37], ABB. We compared three different kinematics model representations for the exemplary (RTS): (a) the geometrically extracted kinematics model, (b) an simplified model using a spherical coordinate system and (c) the numerically optimized kinematics model
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