A Complete Overview of the Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome with Recent Advancement in Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has emerged as one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders seen in women of childbearing age throughout the whole world. The complex pathophysiology, different diagnostic criteria, and various manifestations attached to several environmental factors, including lifestyle influences, have made it one of the most difficult disorders to treat in recent times. In addition, inadequate knowledge among patients and a lack of dedicated approved medications have only enhanced the difficulties in treating such a heterogeneous disorder. Objective: The main objective of this review-type paper is to provide a detailed overview of PCOS along with the current concept of a clinical stance in this complex multigenic disorder. Method: The following databases were used for literature searches: PubMed, Frontiers, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, and MDPI. For the purpose of finding pertinent articles and contents, the keywords “PCOS; hirsutism; psychological burden; obesity” and others of a similar nature were utilized. Conclusion: PCOS is a complicated hormonal, metabolic, and psychological condition with many different clinical manifestations. It is among the most prevalent causes of infertility. Before considering any medication choices, lifestyle modifications should be considered the primary therapeutic prescription for PCOS-related infertility. According to recent studies, PCOS does not affect the risk of ovarian or breast cancer, but it does raise the risk of endometrial cancer in women of all ages. These results suggest that PCOS may increase the risk of gynaecological cancer morbidity. The following stage is ovulation stimulation, which is best accomplished with letrozole and is followed by clomiphene citrate. Women who had not responded to the first-line oral ovulatory medicine were given gonadotropins as a backup. Early detection of girls with a high propensity to develop PCOS will be made possible by a comprehensive knowledge of the condition's etiology. Adolescent PCOS will be better managed overall, related comorbidities will be prevented, and quality of life will increase with customized therapeutic approaches.