Abstract

In this paper properties of the orbit space of controllable generalized state-space systems modulo restricted system equivalence are derived. In particular, it is shown that this space is a smooth quasiprojective variety of dimension $nm$. Then the possible degenerations of controllable systems under transformations of restricted system equivalence are characterized and it is proved that every noncontrollable system can be approximated by a family of controllable systems that belong to a single equivalence class. In the single input case, this class is uniquely determined, whereas in the multivariable case a noncontrollable system may lie in the boundary of finitely or even infinitely many equivalence classes.

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