A comparison of the neuropsychological profile of children who have fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and autistic children. Differences in social cognition and the relevance to assessment and diagnosis

Abstract

This article explores the neuropsychological profile of autism and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. These distinct conditions can have a similar presentation, and there is increasing interest in distinguishing between the neurobehavioural presentations as part of assessment and diagnosis. Although there are similarities in the neurodevelopmental profile of autism and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, there are discreet differences in social cognition that may be useful to consider during assessment. This article argues that neuropsychological assessment of social cognition, as well as executive functions including inhibitory control, will be useful when considering a diagnosis, as these factors may underpin differences caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, or autism. Research in this area is in its infancy, and more investigation is needed.