A comparison of the metabolic cost of protein synthesis in stenothermal and eurythermal isopod crustaceans.

Abstract

To examine the presence of metabolic cold adaptation in Antarctic isopods, whole animal rates of oxygen uptake (MVo2) and protein synthesis were measured in Glyptonotus antarcticus at 0 degree C and compared with the temperature isopod Idotea rescata at 4 and 14 degrees C. The specific relationship between rates of metabolism and protein synthesis was investigated by injecting animals with cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. In G. antarcticus, routine MVo2 was 11.10 +/- 0.89 mumol.kg-1.min-1 (n = 19 animals), and ks was 0.24 +/- 0.04% protein synthesized/day (n = 8 animals). Comparison with I. rescata showed that standardized whole animal MVo2 decreased with temperature (temperature quotient = 1.99), but whole animal ks was considerably lower in the Antarctic isopod; 66 and 22% of total MVo2 was attributable to protein synthesis in G. antarcticus at 0 degree C and I. rescata at 4 degrees C, respectively. The energetic cost of protein synthesis was four times higher in G. antarcticus at 885 +/- 141 mmol ATP/g protein (n = 5 animals) compared with 237 +/- 76 mmol ATP/g protein (n = 6) in I. rescata. G. antarcticus does not show metabolic rate compensation and maintains extremely low ks levels because of the relatively high energetic cost of protein synthesis.