Abstract
Due to limited fossil fuel resources and a need to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions, biofuel usage is increasing in multiple markets. Ethanol produced from the fermentation of biomass has been of interest as a potential partial replacement for petroleum for some time; for spark-ignition engines, bioethanol is the alternative fuel which is currently of greatest interest. At present, the international market for ethanol fuel consists of E85 fuel (with 85 percent ethanol content), as well as lower concentrations of ethanol in petrol for use in standard vehicles (e.g. E5, E10). The potential for reduced exhaust emissions, improved security of fuel supply and more sustainable fuel production makes work on the production and usage of ethanol and its blends an increasingly important research topic. This paper evaluates the possibility of using petrol-ethanol blends in a modern Euro 5 vehicle without substantial engine modification. The influence of different quantities of ethanol in ethanol-petrol blends (E5, E10, E25, E50 and E85) on the emission measurement of the gaseous pollutants carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) for a passenger car were analysed over the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) on a chassis dynamometer. The results obtained revealed that exhaust emissions are affected by the proportion of ethanol in the blend. The air:fuel ratio (λ) and exhaust temperature also varied. Increased fuel consumption was found to broadly correlate with blend energetic content for all blends. The experimental work presented in this paper was performed at BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute as part of a test program evaluating biofuels’ influence on light-duty petrol engines for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles.
Highlights
The results presented above underline the viability of using low petrol-ethanol blends in modern passenger cars, as far as regulated exhaust emissions are concerned
Tailpipe emission data presented here suggest that modest improvements in air quality would result from usage of low-to-mid ethanol blends in the vehicle tested
In consideration of the results and analyses presented above, it has been possible to determine that the unmodified Euro 5 vehicle used in this study could be operated on various petrol-ethanol blends, from E5 to E50, but E85 performed very poorly – cold start was problematic, the mixture was generally very lean, fuel consumption was high, and emissions of HC and NOx were substantially higher
Summary
Bioethanol as an automotive fuel Knowledge of the potential usage of ethanol (C2H6O) as a vehicular fuel dates to the conception of the automobile. Ethanol is the most widely-used biofuel, its usage is geographically somewhat restricted. Bioetanol jako paliwo do napędu pojazdów Zainteresowanie wykorzystaniem etanolu (C2H6O) jako paliwa samochodowego pojawiło się wraz ze skonstruowaniem pierwszych samochodów. Etanol jest najpowszechniej stosowanym biopaliwem, choć jego użycie jest nieco ograni-
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