A Comparison of Survival Rates for Treatment of Melanoma Metastatic to the Brain

Abstract

Introduction: A retrospective review of 91 patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma treated at New York University Medical Center between 1989–1999. Overall survival was the outcome evaluated. Methods: Charts of 91 patients having malignant melanoma with brain metastases were reviewed. Cases were stratified according to therapy: surgical excision, surgical excision plus whole brain radiation therapy, gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery, gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery plus whole brain radiation therapy, and whole brain radiation therapy alone. Patients treated with gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery plus radiation therapy were combined with patients treated with surgical excision plus radiation therapy and compared to those treated with radiation therapy alone. Prognostic characteristics of the two groups were compared and survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to control for prognostic factors that differed between the groups. Results: Patients treated with gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery or surgical excision plus radiation therapy were younger, less likely to present with symptoms, and presented with fewer metastases to the brain than patients treated with radiation therapy alone. A survival benefit of 7.3 months (p = 0.05) was found to be associated with gamma knife radiosurgery or surgical excision plus radiation therapy over radiation therapy alone after controlling for differences in age, number of brain lesions, and presence of symptoms. Discussion: This retrospective study of 91 patients treated for melanoma metastases to the brain attempts to examine the effectiveness of different treatments in prolonging survival. Our results suggest that surgical excision or stereotactic radiosurgery with gamma knife in addition to radiation therapy may be more effective than radiation alone at prolonging survival for patients with a limited number of brain lesions. Conclusion: Survival of patients with melanoma metastases to the brain may be prolonged by treatment with gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery or surgical excision plus whole brain radiation therapy.