Abstract
The introduction of waterborne sewerage in the villages and towns of Botswana has highlighted a number of problems in the design of the reticulation systems. The first of these is that not many people connect to the system once it is installed. The second problem is that there are not always the skills required to maintain the systems in the rural areas. Thirdly Botswana being a dry country does not always have the water supply available and only some households have a house connection which provides enough water to flush a gravity sewer. Coupled to this is the low housing density and generally flat landscape in rural Botswana that means the conventional gravity sewer soon requires deep excavations and the consequent need for pumping stations. It became apparent that gravity sewer systems were not always the best means of providing waterborne facilities. It was found that in certain circumstances the alternative options of vacuum and small-bore sewers were more appropriate and so design standards were developed for gravity, vacuum and small-bore sewer systems. This allows for a uniform approach to design in order to achieve a functioning system. Water SA Vol. 30 (5) 2005: pp.137-144
Highlights
Current developments in the sanitation and wastewater field in Botswana necessitated the development of a uniform approach to its development in order to avoid fragmentation, environmental pollution and a waste of resources
The introduction of waterborne sewerage in the villages and towns of Botswana has highlighted a number of problems in the design of the reticulation systems
Part of this Design Manual set out the requirements with regard to sewer reticulation with the focus on gravity, vacuum and small bore systems
Summary
Current developments in the sanitation and wastewater field in Botswana necessitated the development of a uniform approach to its development in order to avoid fragmentation, environmental pollution and a waste of resources. As part of the technical investigation it was required of the Study Team to provide planning and design standards for all infrastructure associated with sanitation and wastewater. Part of this Design Manual set out the requirements with regard to sewer reticulation with the focus on gravity, vacuum and small bore systems. The country is politically stable and the income from the mining sector has been used to raise the living standards of the general population This has been done in a number of ways including the construction of infrastructure such as roads, dams, pipelines etc. In order to counter this aspect, a programme of sewering major villages has commenced
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