Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Ninghe, Tianjin, China, using the 15N isotope method to determine the fate of N sources, application effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of rice plant organs, N uptake by rice, and N use efficiency. The experiment included eight treatments: CK-N (control + no-duck), CK-D (control + ducks), CF-N (chemical fertilizer + no-ducks), CF-D (chemical fertilizer + ducks), CM-N (chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer + no-ducks), CM-D (chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer + ducks), CD-N (chemical fertilizer 30% off + organic fertilizer + no-ducks), and CD-D (chemical fertilizer 30% off + organic fertilizer + ducks). The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer whether CM or CD in grain and leaf significantly increased N concentration; leaf and root P concentrations over control (CK) and chemical fertilizer (CF). In contrast, straw and root N concentrations, including grain and straw P concentrations did not show any difference between duck and no-duck treatment. Moreover, non-significant differences were found in 15N fresh grain and husk concentration. Both organs ranged from 14.2–14.4 g·kg−1 and 6.2–6.3 g·kg−1, respectively. Likewise, N uptake and N use efficiency in fresh grain and husk were not significantly differed within duck and without duck treatment. However, N uptake in fresh grain and husk ranged at the rates of 54.90–93.69 and 6.43–11.04 kg ha−1 with duck and without duck treatment. N use efficiency in fresh grain and husk ranged from 21.55%–34.61% and 2.61%–4.24%, respectively. Overall organic fertilizer has a significant influence on rice growth and promotes crop productivity.
Highlights
Rice is the most important staple food crop in the world [1] and contributes to more than 40% of the cereal yield [2]
The aims of this research were to determine the fate of labelled N sources, including the effect of the application of organic fertilizer on the growth rice plant organs, N uptake by rice, and N use efficiency in duck and no-duck fields
The results indicated that grain N concentration significantly differed among CK, chemical fertilizer (CF), and chemical and organic fertilizer (CM)
Summary
Rice is the most important staple food crop in the world [1] and contributes to more than 40% of the cereal yield [2]. Rice yield in China rapidly increased due to the introduction of high yield varieties and increasing use of chemical N fertilizer [3]. Agronomy 2018, 8, 289 fertilizer (CF) in China is more intensive and wide-spread than in any other country [6]. Excessive use of N fertilizer has the consequence of severe environmental degradation with high potential for N loss in many pathways [7], decreased N use efficiency (NUE), decreased crop quality, and creation of environmental hazards in rice growing countries [8,9,10,11].
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