A comparison of Nine Grape Vitis vinifera L. Cultivars Growing in Iraq’s Kurdistan Region in Terms of Their Vegetative Growth and Physicochemical Traits

Abstract

This research was conducted in 2022 to evaluate nine grape cultivars Mkyaj (Manicure finger), Sheery (Riesling), Yaghute-Rash (Moon drops black seedless), Superior (Superior sugraone), Super-Kamale (Super Kamali), Ukraine (Pinot noir), Kakawi (Pecorino), Bokhur (Bhokri) and Gulawi (Gulab) which were chosen from Shar-Bazher, Sitak, Sulaimani governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq. The purpose of this research was to compare growth and physio-chemical characteristics of the nine cultivars grape. The results showed that there were differences amongst cultivars in terms of the characteristics studied, in term of leaf area cm2 and number of berries cluster−1 Sheery cultivar is over-topped, and firmness followed by Super-Kamali cv. which recorded the highest value for chlorophyll content index (CCI), the weight of 100 berries, weight pulp of 100 berries, and size of 100 berries. Gulawi cultivar had the highest weight of seed berry−1 and the diameter of berries was significantly overtopped. The Superior cultivar was significantly superior to other cultivars regarding weight of cluster. The results showed the cultivar of Sheery obtained the maximum values of total sugar percentage and total phenolic (mg 100g−1 FW), with 16.839 %, and 335.794 mg 100g−1 FW, respectively. Gulawi cultivar gave a higher value of TTA% and TSS% with (0.912% and 20.833%). Yaghute-Rash cultivar achieved maximum values of pH and anthocyanin (mg 100g−1 FW), 3.570 and 96.359 mg 100g−1 FW respectively. While the Ukraine cultivar gave the maximum values of ascorbic acid mg 100g−1 FW with 756.176 mg 100g−1 FW. Mkyaj and Superior cultivars gave a higher value of juice and moisture content with (82.833% and 84.252%).