A comparison of nanocellulose extracted from coconut (Cocos nucifera), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon)

Abstract

The agricultural residues that are not well-managed will cause environmental deterioration. In fact, they can be used as alternative sources for production and application in various industries due to their attractive properties such as absorption ability, mechanical properties and biodegradability. In recent advancements, agricultural residues are broadly used to form nanocellulose. In this study, nanocellulose was extracted from plant leaves of coconut (Cocos nucifera), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon) which are abundant agricultural waste. Chemical pre-treatment was carried out by boiling dried leaves at 80°C in NaOH. The extraction was conducted under homogenous conditions using high pressure homogenization with speed at 1000 rpm for 30 mins to produce nanocellulose. The samples were characterized for surface morphology, UV-Vis spectrum, Fourier transmission using FTIR and water absorption. The properties displayed by the formed nanocellulose were analysed and compared for further recommendation. These materials have a high potential to be used in different fields towards a sustainable future.