Abstract
Exercise intensity affects many potential postprandial responses, but there is limited information on the influence of exercise modality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if the nature of exercise at two different intensities would affect gastric emptying rate (GER), appetite and metabolic responses following ingestion of a semi-solid meal. Twelve healthy men completed, in a random order, four 60-min cycles at 60% VO2peak (MOD), 40% VO2peak (LOW) and in a continuous (CON) or intermittent (INT) manner. INT consisted of 20 × 1-min exercise bouts with 2-min rest breaks. INT and CON were matched for total work output at each intensity. GER of the post-exercise meal was measured for 2 h using the 13C-breath method. Blood glucose, substrate utilisation and appetite ratings were measured at regular intervals throughout all trials and 24-h energy intake (EI) post-trials was assessed. GER-Delta over Baseline (DOB) was lower (p < 0.05) on MOD-INT vs. MOD-CON from 30–120 min post-meal. Blood glucose was higher mid-exercise (p < 0.05) on MOD-INT vs. MOD-CON. Although post-exercise LOW-CON was significantly higher than LOW-INT (p < 0.05), blood glucose was also higher 30-min post-meal ingestion on both CON trials compared to INT (p < 0.001). No interaction effect was observed for perceived appetite responses 2 h after meal ingestion (all p > 0.05). 24-h post-trial EI was similar between LOW-CON vs. LOW-INT (p > 0.05), although MOD-INT vs. MOD-CON 3500 ± 1419 vs. 2556 ± 989 kCal: p < 0.001 was elevated. In summary, MOD-INT exercise delays GER without stimulating perceived appetite in the 2 h period after meal ingestion, although EI was greater in the 24-h post-trial.
Highlights
The global prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased, with obesity becoming a leading health concern [1] and contributing to approximately 2.8 million deaths each year world-wide [2].Obesity is typically the result of a chronic long-term imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure [3]
A recent study by our laboratory displayed that continuous exercise at 70% VO2Peak and 40% VO2Peak resulted in no difference in post-exercise appetite response to a semi-sold meal [10]
Post-hoc tests revealed significantly more work was completed between LOW-CON compared to MOD-CON (277± 94 vs. 524 ± 104 KJ: p < 0.001, d = 2.60, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = −56.24–55.79 W) and LOW-INT compared to MOD-INT was reported
Summary
Obesity is typically the result of a chronic long-term imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure [3] Despite health organisations, such as the World Health Organisation (WHO), emphasizing the importance of physical activity, the number of inactive adults continues to rise [4]. A recent study by our laboratory displayed that continuous exercise at 70% VO2Peak and 40% VO2Peak resulted in no difference in post-exercise appetite response to a semi-sold meal [10]. This suggests that higher intensity continuous exercise may benefit weight loss goals due to the increased energy expenditure (EE) induced, at least for the same duration of exercise. Whilst the effects of continuous exercise on post-exercise appetite/metabolism has been relatively well documented, less is known about the effects of intermittent exercise in this regard
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