A comparison of historic asbestos measurements using a thermal precipitator with the membrane filter-phase contrast microscopy method

Abstract

The published results and analytical methods used in a 1938 survey of the spinning area in a UK crocidolite asbestos factory have been described and re-interpreted, by comparing the method used with the current membrane filter-phase contrast microscopy (MF-PCM) method for asbestos. By good fortune, most of the original microscope, and thermal precipitator sampling heads similar to those used for sampling were available, as well as guidance from the factory inspector who collected and analysed the original samples. A textile grade crocidolite asbestos was used to generate a fibrous dust cloud whose size distribution was characterised by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and found to give a close approximation to the fibre size distributions monitored in 1938.Samples taken over the same sampling time, but at lower concentrations than originally sampled, showed that the thermal precipitator-oil immersion microscopy (TP-OI) method used at × 2000 magnification, gave higher > 5 μm long fibre counts by a factor of between 3 and 4, than the current MF-PCM method. The differences in performance could be explained by the superior resolving power of the TP-OI method for fine crocidolite fibres.Exposures of airborne asbestos fibres in the spinning area were found to be equivalent to about 20 f ml−1 for personal samples and 10 f ml−1 for area samples, but due to the high levels of ventilation on the day the samples were collected, the average levels throughout the year may have been somewhat higher.