A Comparison of Functional Features in Chinese and US Mobile Apps for Diabetes Self-Management: A Systematic Search in App Stores and Content Analysis.

Yuan Wu,Yiling Zhou,Xiaodan Li,Jianshu Li,Xuan Wang,Haoming Tian,Qi Zhang,Xun Yao,Sheyu Li

doi:10.2196/13971

Yuan Wu, Yiling Zhou + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.2196/13971

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Abstract

BackgroundMobile health interventions are widely used for self-management of diabetes, which is one of the most burdensome noncommunicable chronic diseases worldwide. However, little is known about the distribution of characteristics and functions of in-store mobile apps for diabetes.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the distribution of characteristics and functions of the in-store mobile apps for self-management of diabetes in the United States and China using a predefined functional taxonomy, which was developed and published in our previous study.MethodsWe identified apps by searching diabetes in English or Chinese in the Apple iTunes Store and Android Markets (both in the United States and China) and included apps for diabetes self-management. We examined the validity and reliability of the predefined functional taxonomy with 3 dimensions: clinical module, functional module, and potential risk. We then classified all functions in the included apps according to the predefined taxonomy and compared the differences in the features of these apps between the United States and China.ResultsWe included 171 mobile diabetes apps, with 133 from the United States and 38 from China. Apps from both countries faced the challenges of evidence-based information, proper risk assessment, and declaration, especially Chinese apps. More Chinese apps provide app-based communication functions (general communication: Chinese vs US apps, 39%, 15/38 vs 18.0%, 24/133; P=.006 and patient-clinician communication: Chinese vs US apps, 68%, 26/38 vs 6.0%, 8/133; P<.001), whereas more US apps provide the decision-making module (Chinese vs US apps, 0%, 0/38 vs 23.3%, 31/133; P=.001), which is a high-risk module. Both complication prevention (Chinese vs US apps, 8%, 3/38 vs 3.8%, 5/133; P=.50) and psychological care (Chinese vs US apps, 0%, 0/38 vs 0.8%, 1/133; P>.99) are neglected by the 2 countries.ConclusionsThe distribution of characteristics and functions of in-store mobile apps for diabetes self-management in the United States was different from China. The design of in-store diabetes apps needs to be monitored closely.

Highlights

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is one of the most burdensome noncommunicable chronic diseases in China and the western world [1,2,3]
The distribution of characteristics and functions of in-store mobile apps for diabetes self-management in the United States was different from China
171 apps were included in this study, 38 from China and 133 from the United States

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most burdensome noncommunicable chronic diseases in China and the western world [1,2,3]. It represented 8.4% of all-cause deaths worldwide among adults aged 20 to 79 years in 2013 [4] and incurred a cost of US $1.31 trillion in 2015 [5]. Barriers to the effectiveness of diabetes care include insufficient knowledge and training that patients received [9], requiring permanent behavior change [10], financial burden [11], and complication-specific treatments [12]. Mobile health interventions are widely used for self-management of diabetes, which is one of the most burdensome noncommunicable chronic diseases worldwide. Little is known about the distribution of characteristics and functions of in-store mobile apps for diabetes

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