A Comparison of Frictional Resistance between Active and Passive Self-ligating Brackets with Conventional Bracket Systems

Abstract

ABSTRACT Friction, though, is an inseparable and undeniable orthodontic entity that should be minimized, if not eliminated, for obtaining an optimal biological tissue response. Aim The present study compared the frictional resistance of active (time- 2, In-Ovation R) and passive (Damon SL-2, Smart clip) self-ligating brackets with conventional titanium, fiberglass and ceramic brackets under dry and wet conditions with artificial saliva using universal testing machine. Methods Modified Tidy's jig was constructed to simulate clinical situation. A total of 200 samples were tested. Specimens were divided into two categories which were run under dry and wet conditions, using artificial saliva. Around 10 samples of each active and passive selfligating brackets were dry run and 10 others were used in wet conditions. Around 10 samples of each ceramic, titanium and fiberglass brackets were run using elastomeric ties in both dry and wet conditions and 10 each of them using stainless steel ligatures under dry and wet conditions. Results The study revealed that the least frictional resistance was demonstrated by the brackets in the following order, i.e. passive selfligating brackets, active self-ligating brackets, titanium, fiberglass and ceramic brackets in both dry and wet conditions. Conclusion The self-ligating brackets seem to be promising in quenching the thirst of orthodontist to have a bracket that is functionally efficient with reduced friction, esthetically pleasing, reduced treatment and chairside time, combined with better oral hygiene maintenance and patient comfort because of absence of ligation.