Abstract

目的 比较阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者右美托咪啶和舒芬太尼辅助表面麻醉用于纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)引导经鼻气管插管的效果.方法 全麻下行择期手术的OSAS患者30例,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,年龄32 ~ 58岁,体重75 ~ 105 kg.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=20):舒芬太尼组(S组)和右美托咪啶组(D组).2组均应用2%利多卡因咽喉喷雾表面麻醉,环甲膜穿刺注射1%丁卡因3 ml.S组经60 s静脉注射舒芬太尼0.1μg/kg,给药后3 min开始实施纤支镜引导经鼻气管插管,D组静脉输注右美托咪啶0.1μg·kg-1·min-1 10 min时开始实施纤支镜引导经鼻气管插管,记录气道阻塞评分.记录麻醉诱导开始至气管插管后3 min内MAP和HR的最大值,计算MAP和HR的变化率、RPP> 22 000以及呼吸抑制等的发生情况.分别于麻醉前、纤支镜通过鼻后孔、窥视会厌、气管插管成功时、气管插管后1 min、气管插管后3 min时记录灌注指数(PI)和Ramsay镇静评分.术后24h随访患者,记录声音嘶哑和咽喉疼痛的发生情况.结果 与S组比较,D组气道阻塞评分、呼吸抑制的发生率降低,PI、Ramsay镇静评分、MAP变化率>30%、HR变化率>30%、RPP> 22 000、咽喉疼痛和声音嘶哑的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 与舒芬太尼比较,右美托咪啶辅助表面麻醉用于OSAS患者纤支镜引导经鼻气管插管不抑制呼吸,可提供良好的气管插管条件。

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