Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA), deproteinized bovine bone (DPB), human-derived allogenic bone (HALG), and calcium sulfate (CAP) graft biomaterials used with titanium barriers for bone augmentation to treat peri-implant defects in rat calvarium treated by guided bone regeneration (GBR). Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: DPB, HALG, HA, and CAP. One titanium barrier was fixed to each rat's calvarium after the titanium implants had been fixed. In total, 32 titanium implants and barriers were used. Ninety days after the surgical procedure, all the barriers were removed. After decalcification of bone tissue, the titanium implants were removed gently, and new bone regeneration in the peri-implant area was analyzed histologically. Immunohistochemical staining of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also performed. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in new bone regeneration or VEGF expression after 3 months. According to the results of the histological and immunohistochemical analyses, none of the grafts used in this study showed superiority with respect to new bone formation.
Highlights
The guided bone regeneration (GBR) method is used for the treatment of peri-implant bone tissue defects in oral-dental implantology.[1]
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of HA, deproteinized bovine bone (DPB), human-derived allogenic bone (HALG), and CAP-derived bone graft biomaterials used with titanium barriers on bone augmentation in a peri-implant GBR procedure in rat calvarium
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunohistochemical staining ratios were 40.75 ± 3.96, 41 ± 3.46%, 36.75 ± 4.27% and 38.38 ± 4.21 % in the HA, DPB, HALG and CAP groups, respectively, and no statistically significant difference was found between the four groups (Table 1, Figures 2 and 3)
Summary
The guided bone regeneration (GBR) method is used for the treatment of peri-implant bone tissue defects in oral-dental implantology.[1] In GBR, a barrier membrane is used to preserve blood formation and create a closed area around the bone tissue defect.[2,3,4] The GBR method encourages the proliferation of bone-forming cells called osteoblasts.[2,3,4] In GBR, the barrier membrane must be permeable to enable the diffusion of nutrients required for bone regeneration.[5] Previous experimental studies reported more successful bone tissue regeneration using the GBR procedure and a hermetically-closed, stiff occlusive titanium barrier as compared with permeable membranes in a rabbit calvarium model.[6,7,8]. Autogenous bone grafts contain growth factors and promote the recruitment of stem cells.[9,10] Due to their osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, autogenous bone grafts are the current gold standard for bone augmentation procedures.
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