A Comparison of Crossbred and Straightbred Cow-Calf Pairs. I. Heterosis Effects on Total Feed Efficiency

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Records of 104 crossbred and 33 straightbred individually fed cow-calf units were used to study the effects of heterosis on total cow-calf feed efficiency in the production of weight of calf at weaning, 168 d postweaning, slaughter and in the carcass. The cows were Angus, Hereford, Charolais and reciprocal crosses of these breeds. The calves were straightbred and all possible two-breed backcrosses and three-breed crosses produced from first cross cows. The efficiency of the cow-calf unit was defined as kg of calf produced per kg of total TDN (total digestible nutrients) consumed by the cow-calf pair. Total feed consumed by the cows was for an average period of 315 d, from approximately November 21 to October 2. Total calf TDN consisted of creep to weaning and feed during the postweaning fattening period to slaughter. For all measures of cow-calf unit efficiency studied, the heterosis estimates were small but generally positive, ranging from -.8 to 2.1%. The average advantage of all crosses over the straightbred parents for the conversion of total feed consumed by cow-calf pair to calf weight at weaning was 2%. Heterosis effects, individual and maternal combined, on the average, among two-breed backcrosses and the three-breed crosses were essentially the same. Among the three groups of first-cross cows compared, the study indicated that a slight advantage in total cow-calf efficiency was exhibited by the Angus X Hereford cross.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)