A comparison of compensatory and restorative cognitive interventions in early psychosis

Abstract

This randomized trial examined the relative effectiveness of primarily compensatory and primarily restorative cognitive interventions in an early psychosis population. A total of 56 patients were randomized to one of two treatments which were applied for four months with a five month follow up assessment. Comparisons were between (1) Cognitive Adaptation Training (CAT) – a treatment that uses environmental supports and weekly home visits to compensate for cognitive challenges and improve community functioning and (2) Action Based Cognitive Remediation (ABCR) – a treatment involving computerized cognitive drill and practice exercises, simulations, goal setting, and behavioral activation. Linear mixed effects models demonstrated significant effects on community functioning for both CAT and ABCR without a difference between conditions (n = 39), with an indication of greater gains at follow up in the ABCR group (n = 31). Improvements in symptomatology were less robust with mixed findings across neurocognition metrics. This study concluded that both CAT and ABCR hold promise as interventions for early intervention psychosis populations but more work is needed to identify illness severity, subtype and contextual considerations that might indicate an emphasis on more compensatory versus more restorative cognitive interventions.