A comparison of backward adaptive prediction algorithms in low delay speech coders

Abstract

Simulation results are presented comparing the performances of four backward adaptive lattice algorithms for updating the short-term predictors in adaptive predictive coding (APC) and differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) code generators for low-delay tree coding of speech at 16 and 9.6 kb/s. The algorithms studied are the least-squares lattice, the exponential window lattice, the signal-driven lattice, and the residual-driven lattice. Ideal channels are emphasized, and comparisons are based primarily upon frequency-weighted signal-to-noise ratio and subjective listening tests. >