A comparative study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, and skinfolds to assess fat mass in preterms at term equivalent age

Dana F J Yumani,Harrie N Lafeber,Dide De Jongh,Mirjam M Van Weissenbruch

doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03812-3

Dana F J Yumani, Harrie N Lafeber + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03812-3

Copy DOI

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare whole body composition, generated by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to evaluate the potential predictive value of the sum of skinfolds (∑SFT) for whole body composition, in preterm infants at term equivalent age. A convenience sample of sixty-five preterm infants with a mean (SD) gestational age of 29 (1.6) weeks was studied at term equivalent age. Fat mass measured by DXA and ADP were compared and the ability of the ∑SFT to predict whole body fat mass was investigated. There was poor agreement between fat mass percentage measured with ADP compared with DXA (limits of agreement: − 4.8% and 13.7%). A previously modeled predictive equation with the ∑SFT as a predictor for absolute fat mass could not be validated. Corrected for confounders, the ∑SFT explained 42% (ADP, p = 0.001) and 75% (DXA, p = 0.001) of the variance in fat mass percentage.Conclusions: The ∑SFT was not able to accurately predict fat mass and ADP and DXA did not show comparable results. It remains to be elucidated whether or not DXA provides more accurate assessment of whole body fat mass than ADP in preterm infants.Trial registration: NTR5311What is Known:• Diverse methods are used to assess fat mass in preterm infants.What is New:• This study showed that there is poor agreement between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, and skinfold thickness measurements.• Our results affirm the need for consensus guidelines on how to measure fat mass in preterm infants, to improve the assimilation of data from different studies and the implementation of the findings from those studies.

Highlights

Preterm infants are prone to develop risk factors for the metabolic syndrome in later life [1]
This study showed that there is poor agreement between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, and skinfold thickness measurements
Baseline characteristics are shown in dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with air displacement plethysmography (ADP)

Summary

Introduction

Preterm infants are prone to develop risk factors for the metabolic syndrome in later life [1]. Adolescents and adults born preterm have been shown to have a higher fat mass, a higher blood pressure, and an increased risk of dysglycemia compared with adolescents and adults born at term [2, 3]. While some report no differences in fat distribution at younger ages [4], others did find difference in infancy when comparing the body composition of infants born preterm with that of those born at term [5]. At term equivalent age, premature infants have been reported to have an increased fat mass compared with term infants [5]. Since in adulthood the fat mass percentage and the fat mass index have been related to the occurrence of metabolic syndrome components [6, 7], monitoring body composition in infancy and childhood could help to signal early signs of increased disease risk. To ensure the timely implementation of preventive measures, it is pertinent to have a validated method to assess body composition, in particular fat mass

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion