Abstract
The salinization of surface water in a coastal context leads to a qualitative degradation of this resource by various sources of anthropogenic and natural pollution. In this context, we present the results of a comparative study using "DKPR" and "RUSLE" models to evaluate the degree of surface water vulnerability against pollution, especially in the sub-watershed of the Joumouaa dam, a hydraulic infrastructure providing drinking water for the Targuist city. The "DKPR" model adopted as a qualitative approach involves four parameters: Accessibility of the aquatic environment (D), Water functioning of the soil and subsoil (K), Physiography watershed (P), Rainfall erosivity (R). The final result is a resource vulnerability map obtained by combining index maps of these four parameters using remote sensing and GIS. The "RUSLE" model applied as a quantitative approach integrates five factors in a multiplying function, namely: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover-management (C), and soil conservation practices (P) in a remote sensing and GIS environment. The analysis of the final vulnerability maps of the approaches mentioned above will be helpful support for water resource managers and decision-makers better identify areas of high risk and their protection.
Highlights
Surface water is considered the main water resource used for drinking water, irrigation, and industry
At the end of the application of the DKPR approach to evaluate the vulnerability of the waters of the subcatchment of the Joumouaa dam to pollution, the final map of the intrinsic vulnerability of the waters of the studied sub-basin is represented as a qualitative map (Fig. 2.)
The parameter "D" is considered one of the most important because it contributes most to the vulnerability of surface water
Summary
Surface water is considered the main water resource used for drinking water, irrigation, and industry. This resource exists in various forms available globally, namely springs, ocean ponds, and lakes [1]. Due to anthropogenic origin, natural and the effects of climate change will impact water use This situation constitutes a significant problem whose degradation is expressed by salinization and contamination of waters that represents a constraint in coastal areas limiting the development of a region. In this context, the concept of "vulnerability" has been developed to determine which areas are more susceptible to pollution. Assessing surface water vulnerability is necessary to understand the pressure on water resources [2] and design strategies that minimize these pressures
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