Abstract
Currently, little is known about the microbial diversity in the sediments of Pacmanus and Desmos hydrothermal fields in Manus Basin. In this study, Illumina-based sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and metagenomic analysis were conducted to investigate the microbial populations and metabolic profiles in the sediments from four different regions in Pacmanus and Desmos hydrothermal fields. It was found that Gammaproteobacteria and Thaumarchaeota were the most abundant bacterial and archaeal populations, respectively. The autotrophic prokaryotes in the four communities probably fixed CO2 via four major pathways, i.e. Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, reductive acetyl-CoA cycle, rTCA cycle, and 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle. Ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota, nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and sulfur oxidizers belonging to the subgroups of Proteobacteria (e.g., alpha, beta, gamma, and epsilon), Nitrospira, and Nitrospina, and sulfate-reducing Desulfobacterales likely played critical roles in nitrogen and sulfur cycling, in which ammonia, sulfur compounds, and hydrogen could be utilized as potential energy sources. These findings revealed new insights into the operational mechanism of the microbial communities associated with Pacmanus and Desmos hydrothermal fields.
Highlights
Manus Basin is located behind the New Britain arc-trench system [1]
Gammaproteobacteria has been widely detected in deep-sea environments [18,37,40,41,42,43], and Epsilonproteobacteria was reported to occur in the hydrothermal systems of Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Mariana Arc seamounts, and Okinawa Trough [44,45,46]
The total sulfur compound content was relatively higher in the sediments of Desmos, which is consistent with the observation that a higher abundance of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) occurred in DR7 from Desmos
Summary
Manus Basin is located behind the New Britain arc-trench system [1]. Desmos, and Susu Knolls are the three major hydrothermal fields in the eastern part of the basin [2,3]. The Pacmanus field in Pual Ridge was discovered in 1991, which consists of five discrete high-temperature hydrothermal sites (Roger’s Ruins, Roman Ruins, Satanic Mills, Tsukushi, and Fenway), a low-temperature diffuse vent site (Snowcap), and four new vent sites (Mimosa, Solwara 6, 7, and 8) [2,3,4,5,6]. The Snowcap area is heavily sedimented with hydrothermal precipitate/volcaniclastic debris and covered by bacterial mats [5,7]. In Fenway, a large black smoker chimney.
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