Abstract
Foot and mouth disease is the most contagious disease of mammals and has a great potential for causing severe economic loss in susceptible cloven-hoofed animals. Routine prophylactic vaccination in Egypt from 2012 till now has been conducted with Trivalent and/or hexavalent vaccine of MERIAL, against virus strains (O manisa + O-3039 + A Iran 05 + A Saudi 95 + Asia 1 + Sat2). This study aimed to evaluate the hemato-biochemical and immunological changes associated with the use of hexavalent vaccine alone or in combination with trivalent FMD vaccine. This study was carried out on 24 cattle divided into three groups eight cattle each. Group I served as control. Group II were selected from farms vaccinated with hexavalent FMD vaccine. Group III were selected from farms vaccinated with a combination of trivalent and hexavalent FMD vaccine. The results showed that both vaccinated groups showed a significant increase in total leukocytic count. Sera from hexavalent-trivalent vaccinated cattle demonstrated a significant increase in serum cortisol concentrations. Significant increase in serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase was recorded in animals vaccinated with a combination of hexavalent and trivalent vaccine. In addition, both regimes resulted in a significant increase in serum blood urea nitrogen compared to control. Both regimes induced a significant increase in serum levels of ceruloplasmin while phagocytic activity of neutrophils and phagocytic index was enhanced only by the hexavalent vaccine. Both vaccinated groups had significantly increased serum values of gamma globulins. These results suggested that hexavalent vaccine produced higher levels of safety and protective effects against FMD in cattle as compared to those produced by a combination of hexavalent and trivalent vaccines. It is also advisable to include the hexavalent vaccine within the program of obligatory and imperative vaccination against FMD.
Highlights
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and fatal viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals
Both vaccinated groups had significantly increased serum values of gamma globulins. These results suggested that hexavalent vaccine produced higher levels of safety and protective effects against FMD in cattle as compared to those produced by a combination of hexavalent and trivalent vaccines
Foot and mouth disease is caused by FMD virus (FMDV) which is a member of the family Picornaviridae
Summary
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and fatal viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The disease is a high consequence livestock disease due to its potential for rapid spread, severe trade restrictions and the subsequent economic impacts that would result. Economic losses caused by FMD include reduction in production parameters such as decreases in milk production, weight gain, reproductive inefficiencies and death in young ruminants [1] [2]. Foot and mouth disease is caused by FMD virus (FMDV) which is a member of the family Picornaviridae. There are 7 serotypes of FMD virus; namely, O, A, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia-1, which are immunologically distinct. Even within each serotype, there are a large number of strains with their own antigenic characteristics, so there may be only partial cross-immunity between strains of the same serotype [3]
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