Abstract
P. juliflora biochar derived from vacuum pyrolysis was subjected to physicochemical characterization using elemental, TG-DTG, SEM, BET analysis was studied. The maximum biochar yield was recorded to be around 32% at 500 °C for 40 min of residence time. Larger surface area and mesoporous structure (72 m2/g, and 0.083 cm3/g) were recorded for biochar. Thermal profile for P. juliflora was examined at 10, 20, 30 °C/min heating rates in a TG analyser. The maximum mass loss (55–58%) occurred between 180 and 400 °C for all heating rates 10, 20, and 30 °C/min. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for both P. juliflora and biochar were evaluated by model-free methods such as Flynn–Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Starink, and Friedman method. Biochar showed lower activation energy value (33.67, 33.35, 30.24, and 22.39 kJ/mol) as compare to P. juliflora (150.52, 150.47, 149.51, and 147 kJ/mol) for FWO, KAS, Starink, and Friedman models.
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