Abstract
Urban land density is an important factor to understand how cities expand. An “Inverse S-shape Rule” was implemented for the first time to analyze urban land density in Northeastern Thailand using the four cities Khon Kaen, Udon Thani, Nakhon Phanom, and Nong Khai as study sites. Land density function was tested using different data classification techniques from previous studies. Each city was investigated over two different time periods between 2002 and 2015. Declining pattern characteristics of metropolitan area density outward from city centers can be quantified by fitting the parameters to urban land density functions. An inverse S-shape function was identified as the best data fit. The four selected cities showed conventional density variation for decline in urban land area from city centers to outlying areas. Overall trend indicated that cities became more compact over time since the density differences between the urban core and urban fringe were greater with increasing infilling growth within the urban boundary. All four cities increased in size over time; however, the increasing amount of built-up land in the surrounding rural areas did not follow the same trend in each case. Some functional parameters required careful interpretation because of the linear shape of the city as in the case of Nakhon Phanom. Using highly detailed urban data resulted in lower densities of urban areas compared to the conventional pixel-based classification, and this affected the overall shape of the inverse S-shape function. The fitted parameters and their changing trends indicated that the urban land density function was useful for understanding urban form and urban sprawl in Thailand. Results can be used to develop a specific framework for other cities with similar attributes in the future.
Highlights
In recent years, the world has become more than onehalf urban for the first time in history (54.9% in 2017) and almost one quarter (23.9%) of the population with 500,000 or more lives in urban areas (Demographia 2017)
The fitted parameters and their changing trends indicated that the urban land density function was useful for understanding urban form and urban sprawl in Thailand
Two research questions arose: (1) Does an “Inverse S-shape Rule” land density function help to understand urban form and urban sprawl in the four major cities in Northeastern Thailand? (2) Is the result significantly different from previous studies after applying more detailed urban input data? Land density functions were monitored to characterize the spatial patterns of urban growth and measure urban sprawl based on the Inverse S-shape Rule
Summary
The world has become more than onehalf urban for the first time in history (54.9% in 2017) and almost one quarter (23.9%) of the population with 500,000 or more lives in urban areas (Demographia 2017). Land density functions were monitored to characterize the spatial patterns of urban growth and measure urban sprawl based on the Inverse S-shape Rule. Two research questions arose: (1) Does an “Inverse S-shape Rule” land density function help to understand urban form and urban sprawl in the four major cities in Northeastern Thailand? This was the first test of the urban land density function developed by Jiao (2015) outside China. Results will benefit researchers working in this specific field, and people responsible for decision-making regarding urban planning in Thailand
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