Abstract
Microbial fermentation of plant material alters the composition of volatile and non-volatile plant natural products. We investigated the antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral properties of extracts of defatted soybean meal fermented with Aspergillus fumigatus F-993 or A. awamori FB-133 using in vitro methods. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of soybean meal fermented with A. awamori FB-133 and A. fumigatus F-993 identified 26 compounds with 11,14-octadecadienoic acid and methyl ester (63.63%) and 31 compounds with butylated hydroxytoluene (66.83%) and δ-myrcene (11.43%) as main constituents, respectively. The antioxidant activities of DSM extract were 3.362 ± 0.05 and 2.11 ± 0.02 mmol TE/mL, FDSM treated with A. awamori FB-133 were 4.763 ± 0.05 and 3.795 ± 0.03 mmol TE/mL and FDSM treated with A. fumigatus F-993 were 4.331 ± 0.04 and 3.971 ± 0.02 mmol TE/mL as determined by ABTS and FRAP assays, respectively. Both fermented extracts had better antioxidant activity than the unfermented extract as shown by multiple antioxidant activity assays. The concentration of fermented extracts required for 50% inhibition of cell viability was significantly lower than that of the unfermented extract when tested against the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 as shown by cell viability assays, indicating strong anticancer activity. The IC50 values for DSM, FDSM with A. fumigatusF-993 and FDSM with A. awamori FB-133 were27, 16.88 and 8.60 μg/mL, respectively. The extract of FDSM with A. awamori FB-133 showed the strongest anticancer activity, compared to DSM and FDSM with A. FumigatusF-993 extracts. Fermented extracts also reduced hepatitis A virus titres to a greater extent than unfermented extracts, thus showing strong antiviral property. Hepatitis A virus titres were reduced by 2.66 and 3 log10/0.1 mL by FDSM with A. fumigatusF-993 and FDSM by A.awamori FB-133, respectively, compared to DSM (5.50 log10/0.1 mL). Thus, the fermentation of soybean meal with A. fumigatusF-993 or A. awamori FB-133 improves the therapeutic effect of soybean extracts, which can be used in traditional medicine.
Highlights
Microbial fermentation of plant material alters the composition of volatile and non-volatile plant natural products
In view of the above facts, the present study evaluates the efficiency of A. fumigatus F-993 and A. awamori FB-133 in bioactive compound production from soybean meal and the antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral potentials of the ethanolic extracts of defatted soybean meal (DSM) fermented by A. fumigatus F-993 or A. awamori FB-133
GC-MS analysis of extract of DSM fermented with A. fumigatus F-993(FDSM1)
Summary
Microbial fermentation of plant material alters the composition of volatile and non-volatile plant natural products. Anticancer, and antiviral properties of extracts of defatted soybean meal fermented with Aspergillus fumigatus F-993 or A. awamori FB-133 using in vitro methods. Extracts of fermented soybean have shown strong antioxidant, anti-breast cancer and antiviral activities[2]. Many fungal species, such as A. awamori, are commonly used for the production of many in fermented foods and flavours[7,8] fermentation of soybean with Aspergillus oryzae increased its antioxidant activity[9]. In view of the above facts, the present study evaluates the efficiency of A. fumigatus F-993 and A. awamori FB-133 in bioactive compound production from soybean meal and the antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral potentials of the ethanolic extracts of defatted soybean meal (DSM) fermented by A. fumigatus F-993 or A. awamori FB-133
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