Abstract
Medicinal plants have long been studied due to their anticancer effects and use of them is commonly increased as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM therapies) among patients with cancer. In this study, Alhagi maurorum (A.m) and Amygdalus haussknechtii (A.h) extracts were evaluated for their effects on inhibiting the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells. Based on MTT assay results, the IC50s of A.m and A.h extracts were 57 µg/ml and 85 µg/ml, respectively. Then the cell migration, gene expression, and degree of apoptosis after 48 hours in each treated group with A.m and A.h extracts alone or in combination with docetaxel (DTX) on 4T1 cells were evaluated. A.m had a synergistic behavior with DTX (CI < 1). A.h reduced DTX IC50 but presented CI > 1. Cell migration assay showed that each extract alone or in combination with DTX prevented the migration of 4T1 cells. The Ao/EB staining and flowcytometry results confirmed that, in combination therapy, A.m + DTX and A.h + DTX induced apoptosis close to the level of DTX. Real-time PCR analysis showed that A.m + DTX (IC50 + IC25) downregulated the mRNA expression of HIF-1α and FZD7. A.m + DTX (IC50 + IC10) group decreased the expression of HIF-1α. Moreover, in A.h + DTX (IC50 + IC25) group, β-Catenin and FZD7 were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. Generally, our findings suggest that the combination of A.m and DTX possesses synergistic antitumor effects on 4T1 cells, which may be a valuable choice for CAM therapies. A.h has an acceptable antitumor activity but not in combination with DTX.
Highlights
Despite enormous medicinal developments in recent decades, a large number of people suffer from cancer
Before starting the main study, we found the effective plants in the treatment of various types of cancer from literature to find the most effective and desired plants and selected 20 of the available types. en we tested their inhibitory effect on the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells, among which A. m and A. h had the most favorable effect, respectively
We found that indigenous people, in addition to using the fruit of this plant, use its leaves to treat some diseases. erefore, we decided to examine it in this study
Summary
Despite enormous medicinal developments in recent decades, a large number of people suffer from cancer. Breast cancer is the first deadly cancer among women [2]. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the breast cancer subtypes that cannot be controlled with standard-ofcare therapy [3]. Docetaxel (Taxotere ) (DTX) is a semisynthetic derivative of paclitaxel which was found to be more effective because of being soluble in water. DTX is used as a treatment remedy in patients suffering from breast, ovarian, and/or metastatic cancers [7]. Studies have shown that many plants recommended in traditional medicine against cancer have positive effects on cell lines in laboratory or animal studies and they are great sources for discovering new drugs
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