Abstract
The present study aimed to study the evolution of urban spaces in the Timurids and Safavids. In present study, first, Samarkand city built in the Timurid era and Isfahan city built in the Safavid era were compared in terms of urban spaces and then, the differences, similarities and the effects of each city on the other one were mentioned. Finally, the main components of urban space were studied in the two cities. In this regard, with a descriptive-historical approach, data were collected using historical sources and texts, images, maps, and the results of studies carried out by contemporary researchers. The two cities of Samarkand in the Timurid period and Isfahan in the Safavid period had the same natural, climatic, social, cultural and economic characteristics, which had significant effects on the formation of urban spaces in both cities. The features of Timurid urban spaces can be mentioned as several principles: the establishment of gardens within and outside the city, the construction of main urban roads using various buildings and varies land uses, the spread of urban complexes using a square. Then, in the Safavid era, urban spaces were flourished by following the Isfahan school. Then, with the development of social, political, economic and cultural grounds and composition of them in the urban spaces, the ideal city of Isfahan was realized in the Safavid era. It seems that the principals of physical and semantic formation of urban spaces of Isfahan city in the Safavid era had aimed to create the heavenly paradise in the present world.
Highlights
IntroductionLike the Mongols, the Timurids took the government by creating a lot of chaos and killing many peoples in different parts of Iran, but they were quickly attracted to the Iran's culture and civilization [29]
Like the Mongols, the Timurids took the government by creating a lot of chaos and killing many peoples in different parts of Iran, but they were quickly attracted to the Iran's culture and civilization [29].Since its main capital was Samarkand, artists, craftsmen, scholars and famous persons of the conquered cities were moved to Samarkand, especially many artists were moved from Shiraz to there
Shah Abbas probably considered the garden of Herat as the primary pattern when he ordered the development of Isfahan city and the construction of Chaharbagh Street with the use of Iranian garden pattern [6]
Summary
Like the Mongols, the Timurids took the government by creating a lot of chaos and killing many peoples in different parts of Iran, but they were quickly attracted to the Iran's culture and civilization [29]. Respect for human equality, respect for followers of the religions having religious texts and creation of suitable collective spaces (Naghsh-e-Jahan Square and Chaharbagh Street) are considered as the most effective factors in strengthening social relations in Safavid garden city. It seems that the Safavid has paid significant attention to the historical core of the city due to their belief in the vitality of the whole city, the prevention of the transhuman expansion of the city and the use of the economic (market) and social potentials (Atiq Square and Jame mosque) of the ancient nucleus (Seljuq) of the city [20]
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