Abstract
Objective: To compare the performances of different time series models in predicting COVID-19 in different countries. Methods: We collected the daily confirmed case numbers of COVID-19 in the USA, India, and Brazil from April 1 to September 30, 2020, and then constructed an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and a recurrent neural network (RNN) model, respectively. We applied the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) to compare the performances of the two models in predicting the case numbers from September 21 to September 30, 2020. Results: For the ARIMA models applied in the USA, India, and Brazil, the MAPEs were 13.18%, 9.18%, and 17.30%, respectively, and the RMSEs were 6 542.32, 8 069.50, and 3 954.59, respectively. For the RNN models applied in the USA, India, and Brazil, the MAPEs were 15.27%, 7.23% and 26.02%, respectively, and the RMSEs were 6 877.71, 6 457.07, and 5 950.88, respectively. Conclusions: The performance of the prediction models varied with country. The ARIMA model had a better prediction performance for COVID-19 in the USA and Brazil, while the RNN model was more suitable in India.
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