Abstract
Different types of carbon-silica fillers were prepared via pyrolysis-cum-water vapor of waste green tires tread and impregnation method. Dual phase fillers have been characterized by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) or STEM-EDX. Phase distribution in hybrid fillers for rubber was investigated. The results achieved show that the conditions of obtaining influence the distribution and the location of the phases in the carbon-silica hybrid fillers as well as their most essential characteristics including specific area, oil absorption number, iodine adsorption number, ash content and others.
Highlights
The primary filler factors influencing elastomer reinforcement are: 1) the primary particle size or specific surface area, which, together with loading, determines the effective contact area between the filler and polymerHow to cite this paper: Al-Hartomy, O.A., Al-Ghamdi, A.A., Farha Al-Said, S.A., Dishovsky, N., Ward, M.B., Malinova, P. and Mihaylov, M. (2014) A Comparative Study of the Phase Distribution in Carbon-Silica Hybrid Fillers for Rubber Obtained by Different Methods
In the last years we developed successfully two different alternative methods for obtaining of hybrid fillers of carbon-silica type: by pyrolysis-cum-water vapor of worn out, waste tires and by impregnation technology
The carbon phase occurring upon destruction of rubber in the tire in the conditions of pyrolysis-cum-water is characterized by very high values of iodine number
Summary
The primary filler factors influencing elastomer reinforcement are: 1) the primary particle size or specific surface area, which, together with loading, determines the effective contact area between the filler and polymerHow to cite this paper: Al-Hartomy, O.A., Al-Ghamdi, A.A., Farha Al-Said, S.A., Dishovsky, N., Ward, M.B., Malinova, P. and Mihaylov, M. (2014) A Comparative Study of the Phase Distribution in Carbon-Silica Hybrid Fillers for Rubber Obtained by Different Methods. In order to meet the constantly growing requirements of producers, those of automobile tires, in respect of the proposed fillers, the company Cabot Corporation has presented a dual phase filler of the carbon-silica type, produced by aco-fuming process [3]-[5]. With this material, the filler-filler interaction is substantially reduced due to the surface modification, and the polymer-filler interaction is enhanced by increasing the surface energy of the carbon domain of the filler and creating chemical bonding via coupling reaction between polymer chains and silanols on the silica domain. The obtained filler was characterized and its effect on elastomeric composites on various bases including those based on natural rubber, epoxidized natural rubber, ethylene-propylene triple copolymer and others [9]-[13]
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