Abstract
In this study, isothermal compression tests of highly ductile AZ31-0.5Ca Mg alloys were conducted at different strain rates (0.001–0.1 s−1) and temperatures (423–523 K) along with extruded direction. The flow stress characteristics were evaluated at elevated temperatures. In addition, a strain-dependent constitutive model based on the Arrhenius equation and machine learning (ML) were constructed to evaluate the stress–strain flow behavior. To build the ML model, experimental data containing temperature, strain, and strain rate were used to train various ML algorithms. The results show that under lower temperatures and higher strain rates, the curves exhibited strain hardening, which is due to the higher activation energy, while when increasing the temperature at a fixed strain rate, the strain hardening decreased and curves were divided into two regimes. In the first regime, a slight increase in strain hardening occurred, while in the second regime, dynamic recrystallization and dynamic recovery controlled the deformation mechanism. Our ML results demonstrate that the ML model outperformed the strain-dependent constitutive model.
Highlights
It is salient to note that the room temperature formability of Mg alloys is restricted due to the limited slip activity and preferential operation of twinning activity instead, which leads to premature failure [4]
The results revealed that the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) showed a more accurate predictability of the flow behavior compared to the strain-dependent constitutive model
(0001) pole figure (PF) revealed the existence of weak basal texture having an intensity of 5.25 mrd, where some of the grains have c-axes tilted away from ND towards TD and rolling direction (RD) and are well matched with the color inhomogeneity of the inverse pole figure (IPF) map
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are lightweight materials that have the potential to decrease CO2 emissions by improving the fuel efficiency of automobiles [1–3]. It is salient to note that the room temperature formability of Mg alloys is restricted due to the limited slip activity and preferential operation of twinning activity instead, which leads to premature failure [4]. The basal and non-basal slip activities control the deformation. Hot deformation is one of the practical approaches to process products made of Mg alloys. A deep understanding of the effect of the strain rate and temperature on the flow behavior is essential for a more accurate design of complex shaped components and products
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