A Comparative Study of RSSI-Based Localization Methods: RSSI Variation Caused by Human Presence and Movement

Abstract

In a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) based localization system, the presence or movement of humans is one of the major effects causing RSSI variation. Using RSSI data during such a situation to estimate the target position can give large errors. Regarding this problem, in this paper, a comparison of several RSSI-based localization methods with and without human presence and movement were investigated experimentally. The major contribution of this work is that the well-known and widely used RSSI-based localization methods presented in the literature, including the min–max, the trilateration, the weighted centroid localization (WCL), and the relative span exponential weighted localization (REWL) methods, were tested. Thus, how human presence or absence influences the accuracy of these methods, and which methods show the best estimates while tolerating human movement effects can be investigated. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory and in a parking building. The results demonstrate that, without human movement effects, all methods perform very similarly. In contrast, human movements significantly increased estimation errors.Here, the maximum distance errors of the min–max, the trilateration, the WCL, and the REWL are 1.34 m, 4.09 m, 1.25 m, and 1.24 m, respectively. Obviously, the min–max, the WCL (with an optimal parameter), and the REWL (with the optimal parameter) can well tolerate the RSSI variations caused by human movements and provide significantly better accuracy than the trilateration method. Based on these findings, all the mentioned localization methods should be further improved to deal with the human movement problem.