A comparative study of polyethylene glycol hydrogels derivatized with the RGD peptide and the cell-binding domain of fibronectin

Abstract

The goal of our study was to compare the biological responses of cells cultured on polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels functionalized with varying concentrations of the widely used adhesion peptide, RGD, and the cell-binding domain of fibronectin, III(9-10). We used Michael addition chemistry to covalently link cysteines in GRGDSPC and glutathione S-transferase (GST) tagged III(9-10) (GST-III(9-10)), to the acrylate groups in PEG diacrylate (PEGDA). Conjugation of GST-III(9-10) to PEGDA occurred through cysteine residues in GST. Ellman's reagent and immunoblotting studies demonstrated an efficiency of 90% or more for PEG conjugation of 1 μM GST-III(9-10) or GRDGSPC in 10% (wt/vol) PEGDA at 37°C for 1 h. Circular dichroism and limited proteolysis demonstrated that conjugating PEGDA to GST-III(9-10) did not significantly perturb its native secondary structure. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis characterization of the wash solution of PEG hydrogels after photopolymerization demonstrated that >95% of the 1 μM GST-III(9-10) was incorporated into the PEG hydrogels after cross-linking. PEG hydrogels derivatized with 1 μM GST-III(9-10) had significantly higher cell adhesion and spreading than PEG hydrogels with 1 μM GRGDSPC. A comparable adhesion response between GRGDSPC and GST-III(9-10) was obtained when the former was at millimolar and the latter at micromolar concentration. The amount and type of conjugate in the PEG hydrogel derivative was statistically more significant than hydrogel rigidity in stimulating the biological responses observed. This report presents new evidence of the robustness of III(9-10) in mediating cell adhesion and spreading on PEG hydrogels.