Abstract
(Al, Nb) co-doped TiO2 colossal dielectric ceramics were effectively made using conventional sintering (CS), flash sintering (FS) and two-step flash sintering (TSFS), respectively. The structure and electrical characteristics of ceramic samples were thoroughly investigated. FS and TSFS can decrease the processing temperature by 20% and shorten the sintering time by 30 times compared with CS. All sintered samples were pure rutile TiO2 structure. The TSFS samples with finer grain size had higher permittivity than the CS samples. With increasing sintering temperature, the permittivity of the co-doped TiO2 ceramic increased first and then decreased. When the furnace temperature was 1080 °C, the TSFS ceramic sample showed the best overall performance: the dielectric constant (ε’) of 1.4 × 105, the dielectric loss (tanδ) of 0.57 at 1 kHz, and the nonlinear coefficient of 5.8. XPS and IS spectra indicated that the excellent dielectric properties are attributed to the internal barrier layer capacitance model. Therefore, the TSFS method provides an ideal way to prepare co-doped TiO2 colossal dielectric ceramics.
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