A Comparative Study of Micronutrient Levels in the Women with Hypertensive Gestational Diabetes with and without Preeclampsia

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is a common metabolic disease during pregnancy. Preeclampsia is the most prevalent disorder that accompanies gestational diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of micronutrients in diabetic women with preeclampsia. The present study aimed to compare the levels of micronutrients in the women with gestational and hypertensive diabetes with and without preeclampsia. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 72 women with gestational and hypertensive diabetes with and without preeclampsia, who were in the third trimester of pregnancy. Demographic characteristics and data on the previous and current pregnancies were obtained using a questionnaire. In addition, blood samples were collected, and the levels of micronutrients were measured, including iron, zinc, magnesium, and lipid profile. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 19 using t-test and Chi-square at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Among 72 participants, 32 cases had gestational diabetes and hypertension with preeclampsia, and 40 cases were without preeclampsia. Mean iron level in the group with preeclampsia was 108.91± 64.58, while it was 79.75±53.33 in the group without preeclampsia. The level of zinc in the group with preeclampsia was 65.73±24.40, while it was 53.17±19.23 in the group without preeclampsia. The level of copper in groups with and without preeclampsia was 220.59±61.92 and 192.83±47.46, respectively. Differences between the groups in terms of the levels of iron (P=0.39), zinc (P=0.02), and copper (P=0.035) were considered significant. In addition, the levels of magnesium, cholesterol, and triglyceride had no significant differences between the groups (P>0.5) Conclusion: According to the results, the levels of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and copper were higher in the women with gestational and hypertensive diabetes with preeclampsia compared to those without preeclampsia.