Abstract
Abstract. The temperature rise in urban areas has become a major environmental concern. Hence, the study of Land surface temperature (LST) in urban areas is important to understand the behaviour of different land covers on temperature. Relation of LST with different indices is required to study LST in urban areas using satellite data. The present study focuses on the relation of LST with the selected indices based on different land cover using Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) data in Varanasi, India. A regression analysis was done between LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Soil Index (NDSI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The non-linear relations of LST with NDVI and NDWI were observed, whereas NDBI and NDSI were found to show positive linear relation with LST. The correlation of LST with NDSI was found better than NDBI. Further analysis was done by choosing 25 pure pixels from each land cover of water, vegetation, bare soil and urban areas to determine the behaviour of indices on LST for each land cover. The investigation shows that NDSI and NDBI can be effectively used for study of LST in urban areas. However, NDBI can explain urban LST in the better way for the regions without water body.
Highlights
Urban Heat Island (UHI) refers to the urban areas which has temperatures higher than the surrounding suburban or rural areas due to increase in urbanization
The study of Land surface temperature (LST) of urban areas and different land covers has become important for the requirement of sustainable planning and environmental protection
This study focuses on the relation of LST with the selected indices i.e. Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Soil Index (NDSI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) based on different land cover using Landsat 8 data in Varanasi, India
Summary
Urban Heat Island (UHI) refers to the urban areas which has temperatures higher than the surrounding suburban or rural areas due to increase in urbanization. Urbanization has led to the replacement of natural land covers with the artificial built up surfaces made up of impervious materials and decrease of vegetation which helps in reducing temperatures due to evapotranspiration (Voogt and Oke, 2003). Various previous studies have shown that bare soil and built up areas have higher temperatures whereas waterbodies and vegetated land have lower temperatures (Song et al 2014). The study of LST of urban areas and different land covers has become important for the requirement of sustainable planning and environmental protection. Thermal bands in remote sensing satellite are the most important source for determining LST. Various satellites contain thermal bands like Landsat, Aster, AVHRR, MODIS etc.
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